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| Glossary
of Metal Terms
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Chemical
symbol Mg. A silvery, moderately hard, strong, and light metal. Used in
ductile iron production, steel desulfurization, and chemical reduction.
Growing use as substitute for aluminum and zinc in die castings, due to
lightweight and high strength. |
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MANGANESE |
Chemical
symbol Mn. A gray-white, hard, and brittle metal. Critical in the
production of pig iron and steel, it usually is preprocessed with carbon
or silicon prior to iron smelting or steel making. Also used in
batteries and chemicals manufacture. |
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MECHANICAL
TUBING |
Steel
tubing products used in the manufacture of hydraulic cylinders, in
mechanical parts for autos and trucks, construction and farm equipment,
and in furniture, bicycles and many other applications. |
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MOLYBDENUM |
Chemical
symbol Mo. A silvery-gray metal used as an alloy to strengthen steel and
make it less susceptible to rust and corrosion. Key alloying element for
some classes of stainless steel; in the presence of chromium, "moly"
enhances the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. |
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NAVAL
BRASS |
An
alloy of copper, zinc, and tin used widely in the marine industry
because of resistance to saltwater corrosion; actually it's a bronze. |
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NICKEL |
Chemical
symbol Ni. Hard, silvery-white metal known primarily as alloy to improve
strength and corrosion resistance of other metals, notably steel. Metal
is slightly magnetic metal, of medium hardness and high degree of
ductility and malleability, with high resistance to chemical and
atmospheric corrosion. Pure nickel is used in galvanic plating, where
objects must be coated with nickel before they can be plated with
chrome. When used as an alloying agent, it is of great importance in
iron-based alloys in stainless steels and in copper-based alloys such as
cupro-nickel as well as in nickel-based alloys such as Monel. (About 65%
of all nickel is used in the making of stainless steel.) |
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Multi-alloy
metals suited for high-performance, high-temperature applications. These
are nickel-iron-chrome alloys (which also contain titanium, columbium,
and aluminum) and nickel-chrome-iron alloys (which often also contain
molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, cobalt, aluminum, and columbium). |
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NICKEL-SILVER |
Copper-based
alloy that contains from 10% to 45% zinc and from 5% to 30% nickel; most
often alloyed with brass. |
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NIOBIUM |
Chemical
symbol Nb. Name for Columbium metal everywhere in the world but the U.S. |
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NON-FERROUS
METALS |
Metals
or alloys that are free of iron. |
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Label
applied to the pipe products used by petroleum exploration customers.
OCTG includes casing, drill pipe and oil well tubing, which, depending
on their use, may be formed through welded or seamless processes. |
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OSCILLATING |
Winding
a narrow strip of metal over a much wider roll, much like threading
over a spool. |
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OSMIUM |
Chemical
symbol Os. A bluish-white metal that is so hard it is difficult to
fabricate (see PLATINUM
GROUP METALS). |
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Cleaning
a steel coil through a series of hydrochloric acid baths that remove the
oxides (rust), dirt, and oil so that further work can be done to the
metal. |
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PIG |
Initial
post-smelting casting of lead or iron. Named long ago when molten metal
was poured through a trench in the ground to flow into shallow earthen
holes, the arrangement looked like newborn pigs suckling. The central
channel became known as the "sow," and the molds were
"pigs." |
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PALLADIUM |
Chemical
symbol Pd. A major component in the production of petrochemical
catalysts (see PLATINUM
GROUP METALS). |
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PILING |
Also
known as sheet piling; a structural steel product with edges designed to
interlock; used in the construction of dams or riverbank reinforcement. |
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Technically,
a thick-walled tube used to transport fluids or gases. In the steel
lexicon, "pipe" and "tube" often are used
interchangeably with a given label applied primarily as a matter of
historical use. |
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PLATE |
A
smooth, flat, relatively thick (3/16-inch to more than one foot) mass of
metal with a width of more than eight inches often sheared into
individual pieces but also rolled into coils. |
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PLATINUM |
Chemical
symbol Pt. The key material in the manufacture of automotive catalysts
(see PLATINUM
GROUP METALS). |
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Called
the "noble metals" because they are among the scarcest of the
metallic elements; more important, they are totally impervious to
oxidation or corrosion. The family is six metals: Platinum, a white
infusible metal with high electrical resistance; Palladium, also white,
noted for its strength and high ductility; Iridium, a yellowish mineral
with the most corrosion resistance of any metal known; Rhodium, a
silver-white metal also found with nickel; Ruthenium, a white metal
noted for its hardness; and Osmium, a bluish-white metal that is so hard
it is difficult to fabricate. |
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PHOSPHOR-BRONZE |
Copper-based
alloys with 3.5% to 10% tin, to which up to 1% phosphorous has been
added in the molten state for deoxidizing and strengthening purposes.
Because of excellent toughness, strength, fine grain, resistance to
fatigue and wear, and chemical resistance, these alloys find general use
as springs and in making steel fittings. It has corrosion-resistant
properties comparable to copper. |
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POWDER
METALS |
Fabrication
technology in which fine metallic powder is compacted under high
pressure and then heated at a temperature slightly below the melting
point to solidify the material. Primary users of powder metal parts are
auto, electronics and aerospace industries. |
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Also
known as "concrete reinforcing bar" or "rebar"; a
commodity-grade steel used to strengthen concrete in highway and
building construction. |
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REVERSING MILL |
Any rolling mill in which the direction of rotation of the rolls can be reversed at will. Heavy primary mills for bloom and slab rolling are the most common, but others, including some cold-rolling mills, are also made to reverse. |
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RHODIUM |
Chemical
symbol Rh. A silver-white metal found in nickel deposits (see PLATINUM
GROUP METALS). |
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ROD |
Round,
thin semi-finished metal length that is rolled from a billet and coiled
for further processing. These rolling facilities often are called
"rod trains". Rod is commonly drawn into wire products or used
to make bolts, nails, and other machined parts. |
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RUTHENIUM |
Chemical
symbol Ru. A white metal noted for its hardness; the most expensive of
the platinum group (see PLATINUM
GROUP METALS). |
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