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| Glossary
of Metal Terms
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(Metal) - Mfrs. standard numbering systems indicating decimal thickness or diameters. |
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Steel
sheet with a unique coating of 55% aluminum and 45% zinc that resists
corrosion. The coating is applied in a continuous hot-dipped process.
The product is a registered trademark of BHP Steel of Australia. |
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GALVANIZED |
Metal
(usually steel) coated with a thin layer of zinc to provide corrosion
resistance; i.e., rust proofing. Galvanizing methods are (1)
"hot-dipped galvanizing", which consists of passing the
continuous length of sheet, wire, rod, or shape through a molten bath,
followed by an air stream "wipe" that controls the thickness
of the zinc finish; and (2) "electro-galvanizing", which
continuously zinc-coats an uncoiled sheet or unwound wire or rod
electrolytically. Galvanized sheet also is known in the market as
"coated sheet". |
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GALVANNEALED |
Steel
sheet covered with zinc on both sides and immediately heat-treated so
the coating becomes a zinc-iron alloy bonded to the surface. |
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GERMANIUM |
Chemical
symbol Ge. A rare, grayish-white metal chemically similar to tin;
obtained from processing copper and zinc. Used in the production of
infrared glasses, fiber optics, electronic detectors, and
semiconductors. |
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GOLD |
Chemical
symbol Au. The heraldic metal. A rare yellow mineral that is the most
malleable and pliable of all metals. Gold does not tarnish or corrode,
and is unaffected by exposure to air or water. |
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GUIDE |
Device for holding the metal in the proper position, during rolling, or slitting. |
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GUIDE SCRATCH |
(Defect) - Scratches or marks appearing parallel to edges of cold rolled strip caused by scale or other articles which have become imbedded in or have adhered to the rolling mill guide. Also applies to similar scratches appearing as a result of slitting. |
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Metal
processed by heat or cold-worked to resist cutting, abrasion,
penetration, bending, and stretching. |
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HEAVY
STRUCTURAL SHAPES |
A
general term given to rolled flanged sections that have at least one
dimension of their cross sections three inches or greater. The category
includes beams, channels, tees, and zees if the depth dimension is three
inches or greater, and angles if the length of the leg is three inches
or greater. |
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HEAT TREATMENT |
Altering the properties of a metal by subjecting it to a sequence of temperature changes, time of retention at specific temperature and rate of cooling therefrom being as important as the temperature itself. Heat treatment usually markedly affects strength, hardness, ductility, malleability, and similar properties of both metals and their alloys. |
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HIGH-CARBON
STEEL |
Steel
with more than 0.3% carbon. The more carbon that is dissolved in the
iron, the less formable and the tougher the steel becomes. High-carbon
steel's hardness makes it suitable for plow blades, shovels, bedsprings,
cutting edges, or other high-wear applications. |
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HIGH-STRENGTH/LOW-ALLOY
STEEL |
Steel
containing a total of less than 5% of such hardening or strengthening
alloys of nickel, chromium, silicon, manganese, tungsten molybdenum, and
vanadium. |
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Known
in the market at HSS, this is high-strength, cold-formed,
electric-welded structural tubing welded steel tubing used as structural
elements in a broad range of construction and architectural
applications, structural components for vehicles, and industrial
machinery, buildings and other structures, and a variety of manufactured
products. It is produced in round, square and rectangular shapes and a
broad range of sizes. |
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HOOKE’S LAW |
Stress is proportional to strain in the elastic range. The value of the stress at which a material ceases to obey Hooke’s law is known as the elastic limit. |
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HOT
BAND |
A
coil of steel rolled on a hot-strip mill (aka, hot-rolled sheet). I-BEAM-Structural
section on which the flanges are tapered and are typically not as long
as the flanges on wide-flange beams. The flanges are thicker at the
cross sections and thinner at the toes of the flanges. They are produced
with depths of 3-24 inches. |
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HOT DIP |
In steel mill practice, a process whereby ferrous alloy base metals are dipped into molten metal, usually zinc, tin or terne, for the purpose of fixing a rust resistant coating. |
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HOT-ROLLED STEEL (HR) |
Rolling steel slabs into flat-rolled steel after it has been reheated. |
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Chemical
symbol In. Grayish-white minor metal obtained by treating smelter flue
dusts and slags or other residue of base metal concentrates. Capable of
marking paper (just as lead does), indium is used in low-melting alloys,
solders, electrical contact coatings, infrared detectors, nuclear
reactor control rods, and various electronic components. |
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INGOT |
A
form of semi-finished metal (created by pouring liquid metal into molds
for solidification during cooling). Ingot then is rolled or forged into
other shapes. Note that steel ingots weight as much as 30 tons. |
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IRIDIUM |
Chemical
symbol Ir. A yellowish mineral with the most corrosion resistance of any
metal known (See PLATINUM
GROUP METALS). |
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IRON |
A
magnetic, silver-white metal of high tensile strength, ductility and
malleability. Principal commercial forms are steel, cast iron, or
wrought iron. |
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IRON-BASED
SUPERALLOYS |
Also
known as "super chrome steels," these metals are at the
highest end of the range of high-temperature, high-strength steels.
Besides chrome, other additives can be nickel, titanium, manganese,
molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and carbon |
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The term “killed” indicates that the steel has been sufficiently deoxidized to quiet the molten metal when poured into the ingot mold. The general practice is to use aluminum ferrosilicon or manganese as deoxidizing agents. A properly killed steel is more uniform as to analysis and is comparatively free from aging. However, for the same carbon and manganese content Killed Steel is harder than Rimmed Steel. In general all steels above 0.25% carbon are killed, also all forging grades, structural steels from 0.15% to 0.25% carbon and some special steels in the low carbon range. Most steels below 0.15% carbon are rimmed steel. |
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A process in which metal is extracted from mined ore by means of adding a soluble substance. Commonly used in gold mining. |
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Chemical
symbol Pb. Very soft, bluish-white metal; highly malleable and ductile;
poor conductor of electricity, but good noise-dampening material;
resistant to corrosion and radiation. Obtained from galena ore. Major
end use is storage batteries, which accounts for 60% of world lead
consumption. Also used ammunition, but has declining use in paints,
plumbing equipment, and cable coverings because of its toxicity. Metal
also used to dampen noise, in containers for corrosive liquids, and as
radiation shields for x-rays and nuclear reactors. |
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LEVELING |
A
process to flatten shape deficiencies (wavy edges and buckles) in the
metal sheet prior to final shipment. Most metal sheet initially has a
crowned cross-section that is flattened by leveling. |
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LIGHT-GAUGE
STEEL |
Very
thin steel sheet that has been temper-rolled or passed through a
cold-reduction mill. Light gauge steel normally is plated with tin or
chrome for use in food containers. |
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LIGHT METALS |
Metals and alloys that have a low specific gravity, such as beryllium, magnesium and aluminum. |
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LINE
PIPE |
Steel
pipe used in the surface transmission of oil, natural gas, and other
fluids. |
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LONG
TERNE |
A
term applied to steel sheets that have been coated with terne (lead and
tin) by immersion in a bath of the lead-tin alloy. |
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LOW-CARBON
STEEL |
Steel
with less than 0.005% carbon is more ductile (malleable); capable of
being drawn out or rolled thin. Carbon is removed from the steel bath
through vacuum degassing. |
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